Web design software - 14 Part I . Linux First Steps To
14 Part I . Linux First Steps To clearly define how open source software should be handled, the GNU software project created the GNU Public License. Although there are many other software licenses covering slightly different approaches to protecting free software, the GPL is perhaps the most well known and it s the one that covers the Linux kernel itself. Basic features of the GNU Public License include: . Author rights The original author retains the rights to his or her software. . Free distribution People can use the GNU software in their own software, changing and redistributing it as they please. They do, however, have to include the source code with their distribution (or make it easily available). . Copyright maintained Even if you were to repackage and resell the software, the original GNU agreement must be maintained with the software, which means all future recipients of the software have the opportunity to change the source code, just as you did. There is no warranty on GNU software. If something goes wrong, the original developer of the software has no obligation to fix the problem. However, many organizations, big and small, offer paid support packages for the software when it is included in their Linux or other open source software distribution. (See the OSI Open Source Definition section later in this chapter for a more detailed definition of open source software.) Despite its success producing thousands of UNIX utilities, the GNU project itself failed to produce one critical piece of code: the kernel. Its attempts to build an open source kernel with the GNU Hurd project (www.gnu.org/software/hurd) were unsuccessful. BSD Loses Some Steam The one software project that had a chance of beating out Linux to be the premier open source software project was the venerable old BSD project. By the late 1980s, BSD developers at UC Berkeley realized that they had already rewritten most of the UNIX source code they had received a decade earlier. In 1989, UCB distributed its own UNIX-like code as Net/1 and later (in 1991) as Net/2. Just as UC Berkeley was preparing a complete, UNIX-like operating system that was free from all AT&T code, AT&T hit them with a lawsuit in 1992. The suit claimed that the software was written using trade secrets taken from AT&T s UNIX system. The lawsuit was dropped when Novell bought UNIX System Laboratories from AT&T in 1994. But, during that critical time period, there was enough fear and doubt about the legality of the BSD code that the momentum BSD had gained to that point in the fledgling open source community was lost. Many people started looking for another open source alternative. The time was ripe for a college student from Finland who was working on his own kernel.
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