Jetty web server - Chapter 9 . Running Debian GNU/Linux 309 In
Chapter 9 . Running Debian GNU/Linux 309 In this example, several other packages depend on the python2.3 package and would also need to be removed. To proceed with removing python2.3 and all packages that depend on it, run the command again without the -s flag. Upgrading Your System As new versions of packages become available, you can instruct APT to download and install them, automatically replacing the older versions. This is as simple as updating your package list, followed by a simple command: # apt-get upgrade When upgrading to a newer distribution, use dist-upgrade instead of upgrade. This will change the rules that APT uses when deciding which actions to take, making it expect major changes in dependencies and handle them appropriately. Package Management Using dpkg As mentioned earlier, the dpkg utility is the primary package management tool in Debian. Most other package management tools within the system, including APT, use dpkg to perform the midlevel work, and dpkg in turn uses dpkg-deb and dpkg-query to handle a number of the low-level functions. Far too many dpkg commands exist to list in this section, but the most common ones are explained in the following sections. In most cases, there are both short and long commands to perform the same function. Use whichever is easier for you to remember. Installing and Removing Packages Packages can be installed with dpkg using the -i or –install flags and the path to the .deb file containing the package. The path must be accessible as a file system path (HTTP, FTP, and other methods are not supported), and more than one package can be specified: # dpkg –install /home/wayne/lsof_4.71-1_i386.deb Package removal through dpkg is also straightforward and is done with the -r or –remove commands. When configuration files are to be removed, the -P or — purge command can be used instead. Both commands can also be used to specify multiple packages to remove: # dpkg –remove lsof or… # dpkg –purge lsof Note
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