Chapter 4 . Learning Basic Administration 149 Configuring (Web hosting top)
Chapter 4 . Learning Basic Administration 149 Configuring Hardware In a perfect world, after installing and booting Linux, all of your hardware is detected and available for access. Although many Linux systems are rapidly moving closer to that world, there are times when you must take special steps to get your computer hardware working. Linux systems come with tools for configuring the drivers that stand between the programs you run (such as CD players and Web browsers) and the hardware they use (such as CD-ROM drives and network cards). The intention is to have the drivers your system needs most often built into the kernel; these are called resident drivers. Drivers that are added dynamically as needed are referred to as loadable modules. Finding Available Modules If you have installed the Linux kernel source code, source code files for available drivers are stored in subdirectories of the /usr/src/linux*/drivers directory. You can find information about these drivers in a couple of ways: . make xconfig With /usr/src/linux* as your current directory, type make xconfig from a Terminal window on the desktop. Select the category of module you want and then click Help next to the driver that interests you. The help information that appears includes a description of the driver. . Documentation The /usr/src/linux*/Documentation directory contains lots of plain-text files describing different aspects of the kernel and related drivers. After modules have been built, they are installed in the /lib/modules/ subdirectories. The name of the directory is based on the current release number of the kernel. Modules that are in that directory can then be loaded and unloaded as they are needed. Listing Loaded Modules To see which modules are currently loaded into the running kernel on your computer, use the lsmod command. Here s an example: If you don t have a Linux system installed yet, try booting KNOPPIX and using lsmod to list your loaded modules. If all your hardware is working properly, write down this list of modules. Later, when you permanently install Fedora or some other Linux system, if your CD drive, modem, video card, or other hardware doesn t work properly, you can use your list of modules to determine which module should have been used and load it, as described in the next section. Note
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