152 Part II . Running the Show File
152 Part II . Running the Show File systems are organized differently in Linux than they are in Microsoft Windows operating systems. Instead of drive letters (for example, A:, B:, C:) for each local disk, network file system, CD-ROM, or other type of storage medium, everything fits neatly into the directory structure. It is up to an administrator to create a mount point in the file system and then connect the disk to that point in the file system. The organization of your file system begins when you install Linux. Part of the installation process is to divide your hard disk (or disks) into partitions. Those partitions can then be assigned to: . A part of the Linux file system . Swap space for Linux, or . Other file system types (perhaps containing other bootable operating systems) This chapter focuses on partitions that are used for the Linux file system. To see what partitions are currently set up on your hard disk, use the fdisk command: # fdisk l Disk /dev/hda: 40.0 GB, 40020664320 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4825 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 bytes = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hda1 * 1 13 104 b Win95 FAT32 /dev/hda2 84 89 48195 83 Linux /dev/hda3 90 522 3478072+ 83 Linux /dev/hda4 523 554 257040 5 Extended /dev/hda5 523 554 257008+ 82 Linux swap This output shows the disk partitioning for a computer capable of running both Linux and Microsoft Windows. You can see that the Linux partition on /dev/hda3 has most of the space available for data. There is a Windows partition (/dev/hda1) and a Linux swap partition (/dev/hda5). There is also a small /boot partition (46MB) on /dev/hda2. In this case, the root partition for Linux has 3.3GB of disk space and resides on /dev/hda3. Next use the mount command (with no options) to see what partitions are actually being used for your Linux system (which available disk partitions are actually mounted and where they are mounted): # mount /dev/hda3 on / type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda2 on /boot type ext3 (rw) /dev/hda1 on /mnt/win type vfat (rw) none on /proc type proc (rw) none on /sys type sysfs (rw) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
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