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Chapter 8 . Running Fedora Core and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 293 If you are enabling Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux) on your computer, the security structure of your computer changes. The root user may no longer have complete control of the computer, but instead there may be policies set that prevent any one user from having complete control. 20. Select Packages. Groups of packages are selected by default depending on the type of installation you chose earlier. In general, either more workstationoriented or server-oriented packages are selected. Pick the ones you want. You can override your package selections by choosing Mimimal or Everything install groups. Disk space requirements for those install types are described earlier in this chapter. Because each group represents several packages, you can click the Details button next to each group to select more specifically the packages within that group. Because Workstation and Personal Desktop installations don t add any server packages, this is a good opportunity to add server packages for the services you expect to use. Click Next to continue. 21. Decide to Install. You can still back out now, and the disk will not have changed. Click Next to proceed. (To quit without changes, eject the CD and restart the computer.) Now the file systems are created and the packages are installed. This typically takes from 20 to 60 minutes to complete, although it can take much longer on older computers. If you are using the DVD, you do not need to change media. If you are installing from the four-CD set, you are prompted to insert additional installation CDs as they are needed. 22. Configure your monitor. You may be asked to configure your monitor. If it was probed properly, you should be able to just continue. 23. Finish installing. When you see the Congratulations screen, you are done. Note the links to Fedora Core information, eject the CD, and click Exit. 24. Your computer restarts. If you installed GRUB, you will see a graphical boot screen that displays the bootable partitions. Press the up or down arrow key to choose the partition you want to boot, and press Enter. If Linux is the default partition, you can simply wait a few moments and it will boot automatically. The first time your system boots after installation, the Fedora Setup Agent runs to do some initial configuration of your system. The next section explains how Fedora Setup Agent works. Running Fedora Setup Agent The first time you boot Fedora Core after it is installed, the Fedora Setup Agent runs to configure some initial settings for your computer. Tip Note
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292 Part III . Choosing and Installing a Linux Distribution 16. Choose a firewall configuration. The use of a firewall has significant impact on the security of your computer. If you are connected to the Internet or to another public network, a firewall can limit the ways an intruder may break into your Linux system. Here are your choices: No firewall Select this security level if you are not connected to a public network and do not want to deny requests for services from any computer on your local network. Of course, you can still restrict access to services by starting up only the services you want to offer and by using configuration files to restrict access to individual services. Enable firewall Select this security level if you are connecting your Linux system to the Internet for Web browsing and file downloading (FTP). By default, only services needed to enable Web browsing and basic network setup, DNS replies, and DHCP (to serve addresses) are allowed at this level. If you enable the firewall and you know you want to enable access to particular services, you can click the appropriate check boxes and allow incoming requests for the following services: SSH (secure shell to allow remote login), Telnet (an insecure method of remote login), WWW (act as a Web server), Mail (act as a mail server), and/or FTP (act as an FTP server). You can also add a comma-separated list of port numbers to the Other Ports box to open access to those ports, which effectively allows requests to services associated with those port numbers. (The /etc/services file lists which services are associated with which port numbers.) If you have a LAN that consists of trusted computers, you can click the box representing your interface to that LAN (probably eth0). Clicking the box allows access to any services you care to share with the computers on your LAN. Click Next to continue. Adding firewall rules here results in rules being added to the /etc/sysconfig/ iptables file. The rules are run from the /etc/init.d/iptables startup script when you boot your system. 17. Choose language support. The default is your installation language. You can install support for additional languages by clicking the check boxes next to the languages you want. Click the Select All button to install all supported languages to your system. When you are done, click Next to continue. 18. Choose a time zone. Select one from the list. To see a more specific view of your location, click World and choose your continent. From the UTC Offset tab, you can choose a time zone according to the number of hours away from Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), known as the UTC offset. 19. Set root password. The root password provides complete control of your Fedora Linux system. Without it, and before you add other users, you will have no access to your own system. Enter the password, and then type it again in the Confirm box. (Remember the root user s password and keep it confidential! Don t lose it!) Click Next to continue. Tip
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Chapter 8 . Running Fedora Core and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 291 15. Configure networking. This applies only to a local area network. If you will use only dial-up networking, skip this section by clicking Next. If your computer is not yet connected to a LAN, you also should skip this section. Network address information is assigned to your computer in two basic ways: statically (you type it) or dynamically (a DHCP server provides that information from the network at boot time). One Network Device appears for each network card you have installed on your computer. The first Ethernet interface is eth0, the second is eth1, and so on. Repeat the setup for each card by selecting each card and clicking Edit. Chapter 5 discusses IP addresses, netmasks, and other information you need to set up your LAN. With the Edit Interface eth0 dialog box displayed, add the following: Configure using DHCP If your IP address is assigned automatically from a DHCP server, a check mark should appear here. With DHCP checked, you don t have to set other values on this page. Remove the check mark to set your own IP address. IP Address If you set your own IP address, this is the four-part, dotseparated number that represents your computer to the network. How IP addresses are formed and how you choose them is more than can be said in a few sentences (see Chapter 5 for a more complete description). An example of a private IP address is 192.168.0.1. Netmask The netmask is used to determine what part of an IP address represents the network and what part represents a particular host computer. An example of a netmask for a Class C network is 255.255.255.0. Activate on boot Indicate whether you want the network to start at boot time (you probably do if you have a LAN). Click OK, and then add the following information on the main screen: Set the hostname The name identifying your computer within your domain. For example, if your computer were named baskets in the handsonhistory.com domain, your full hostname may be baskets. handsonhistory.com. You can either set the domain name yourself (manually) or have it assigned automatically, if that information is being assigned by a DHCP server (automatically via DHCP). Gateway The IP number of the computer that acts as a gateway to networks outside your LAN. It represents a host computer or router that routes packets between your LAN and the Internet. Primary DNS The IP address of the host that translates computer names you request into IP addresses. It is referred to as a Domain Name System (DNS) server. You may also have Secondary and Tertiary name servers in case the first one can t be reached. (Most ISPs will give you two DNS server addresses.) Click Next to continue. Cross- Reference
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290 Part III . Choosing and Installing a Linux Distribution The swap partition is often set to twice the size of the amount of RAM on your computer (for example, for 128MB RAM you could use 256MB of swap). Linux uses swap space when active processes have filled up your system s RAM. At that point, an inactive process is moved to swap space. You get a performance hit when the inactive process is moved to swap and another hit when that process restarts (moves back to RAM). For example, you might notice a delay on a busy system when you reopen a window that has been minimized for a long time. When RAM and swap fill up, no other processes can start until something closes. Bottom line: Add RAM to get better performance; add swap space if processes are failing to start. Red Hat suggests a minimum of 32MB and maximum of 2GB of swap space. Click the Next button (and select OK to accept any changes) to continue. 13. Configure boot loader. All bootable partitions and default boot loader options are displayed. By default, the install process uses the GRUB boot loader, installs the boot loader in the master boot record of the computer, and chooses Fedora as your default operating system to boot. If you keep the GRUB boot loader, you have the option of adding a GRUB password. The password protects your system from having potentially dangerous options sent to the kernel by someone without that password. This does not have to be the same password you use to log in later. (The GRUB boot loader is described in Chapter 7.) The names shown for each bootable partition will appear on the boot loader screen when the system starts. Change a partition name by clicking it and selecting Edit. To change the location of the boot loader, click Configure Advanced Boot Loader Options, and continue to the next step. If you do not want to install a boot loader (because you don t want to change the current boot loader), click Change Boot Loader and select Do Not Install a Boot Loader. (If the defaults are okay, skip the next step.) 14. Configure advanced boot loader. To choose where to store the boot loader, select one of the following: Master Boot Record (MBR) This is the preferred place for GRUB. It causes GRUB to control the boot process for all operating systems installed on the hard disk. First Sector of Boot Partition If another boot loader is being used on your computer, you can have GRUB installed on your Linux partition (first sector). This lets you have the other boot loader refer to your GRUB boot loader to boot Fedora Linux. You can choose to add kernel parameters (which may be needed if your computer can t detect certain hardware). Some of the kernel parameters you can use are described in Chapter 11 in descriptions of boot options. You can select to use linear mode (which was once required to boot from a partition on the disk that is above cylinder 1024 but is now rarely needed). Continue to the next step. Note
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