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94 Part I . Linux First Steps Creating an Image Gallery with Konqueror There s a neat feature in Konqueror that lets you create a quick image gallery. The feature takes a directory of images, creates thumbnails for each one, and generates an HTML (Web) page. The HTML page includes a title you choose, all image thumbnails arranged on a page, and links to the larger images. Here s how you do it: 1. Add images you want in your gallery to any folder (for example, /home/jake/images). Make sure they are sized, rotated, and cropped the way you like before beginning. (Try The Gimp for manipulating your images by typing gimp& from a Terminal.) 2. Open the folder in Konqueror (for example, type /home/knoppix/images in the Location box). 3. Click Tools.Create Image Gallery. The Create Image Gallery window appears. 4. Type a title for the image gallery into the Page Title box. You can also select other attributes of the gallery, such as the number of rows, information about the image to appear on the page (name, size, and dimension), the fonts, and the colors to use. 5. Click OK. Konqueror generates the thumbnails and adds them to the thumbs directory. The image gallery page itself opens and is saved to the images.html file. (Select the Folders button to save the gallery under a different name. You can also have Konqueror create galleries in recursive subfolders to a depth you choose.) You can now copy the entire contents of this directory to a Web server and publish your pictures on the Internet. Here s an example of a Konqueror image gallery:

Chapter 3 . Getting into the Desktop 93 . Crypto Display a list of secure certificates that can be accepted by the Konqueror browser. By default, Secure Socket Layer (SSL) versions 2 and 3 certificates are accepted, as is TLS support (if supported by the server). You can also choose to be notified when you are entering or leaving a secure Web site. . Browser Identification Set how Konqueror identifies itself when it accesses a Web site. By default, Konqueror tells the Web site that it is the Mozilla Web browser. You can select Konqueror to appear as different Web browsers to specific sites. You must sometimes do this when a site denies you access because you do not have a specific type of browser (even though Konqueror may be fully capable of displaying the content). . Plugins Display a list of directories that Konqueror will search to find plugins. Konqueror can also scan your computer to find plug-ins that are installed for other browsers in other locations. . Performance Display configuration settings that can be used to improve Konqueror performance. You can preload an instance after KDE startup or minimize memory usage. Managing Windows If you have a lot of windows open at the same time, tips for organizing and managing the windows on your desktop are very helpful. KDE helps you out by maintaining window lists you can work with and shortcuts for keeping the windows in order. Using the Taskbar When you open a window, a button representing the window appears in the taskbar at the bottom of the screen. Here is how you can manage windows from the taskbar: . Toggle windows Left-click any running task in the taskbar to toggle between opening the window and minimizing it. . Move windows Move a window from the current desktop to any other virtual desktop. Right-click any task in the taskbar, select To Desktop, and then select any desktop number. The window moves to that desktop. All the windows that are running, regardless of which virtual desktop you are on, appear in the taskbar. If there are multiple windows of the same type shown as a single task, you can right-click that task; then, select All to Desktop to move all related windows to the desktop you pick.

92 Part I . Linux First Steps . File Associations Describes which programs to launch for each file type. . Web Behavior Click the Behavior (Browser) button to open a window to configure the Web browser features of Konqueror. By enabling Form Completion, Konqueror can save form data you type and, at a later time, fill that information into other forms. If your computer has limited resources, you can speed up page display by clearing the Automatically Load Images check box or by disabling animations. . Java and JavaScript Enable or disable Java and JavaScript content contained in Web pages in your Konqueror window. . Fonts Choose which fonts to use, by default, for various fonts needed on Web pages (standard font, fixed font, serif font, sans serif font, cursive font, and fantasy font). The serif fonts are typically used in body text, while sans serif fonts are often used in headlines. You can also set the Minimum and Medium font sizes. . Web Shortcuts Display a list of keyword shortcuts you can use to go to different Internet sites. For example, follow the word ask with a search string to search the Ask Jeeves (www.ask.com) Web site. (This feature doesn t appear to be working at the moment.) . History Sidebar Modify the behavior of the list of sites you have visited (the history). By default, the most recent 500 URLs are stored, and after 500 days (KNOPPIX) or 90 days (Fedora), a URL is dropped from the list. There s also a button to clear your history. (To view your history list in Konqueror, open the left side panel, then click the tiny scroll icon.) . Cookies Choose whether cookies are enabled in Konqueror. By default, you are asked to confirm that it is okay each time a Web site tries to create or modify a cookie. You can change that to either accept or reject all cookies. You can also set policies for acceptance or rejection of cookies based on host and domain names. . Cache Indicate how much space on your hard disk can be used to store the sites you have visited (based on the value in the Disk Cache Size field). . Proxy Click Proxy to configure Konqueror to access the Internet through a proxy server (by default, Konqueror tries to connect there directly). You need to enter the address and port number of the computer providing HTTP and/or FTP proxy services. Alternatively, you can have Konqueror try to automatically detect the proxy configuration. . Stylesheets Choose whether to use the default stylesheet, a user-defined stylesheet, or a custom stylesheet. The stylesheet sets the font family, font sizes, and colors that are applied to Web pages. (This won t change particular font requests made by the Web page.) If you select a custom stylesheet, click the Customize tab to customize your own fonts and colors.

Chapter 3 . Getting into the Desktop 91 Using Other Browser Features Because Konqueror performs like a Web browser as well as a file manager, it includes several other browser features. For example, the bookmarks feature enables you to keep a bookmark list of Web sites you have visited. Click Bookmarks, and a dropdown menu of the sites you have bookmarked appears. Select from that list to return to a site. There are several ways to add and change your bookmarks list: . Add Bookmark To add the address of the page that is currently being displayed to your bookmark list, choose Bookmarks.Add Bookmark. The next time you click Bookmarks, you will see the bookmark you just added on the Bookmarks menu. In addition to Web addresses, you can also bookmark any file or folder. . Edit Bookmarks Select Bookmarks.Edit Bookmarks to open a tree view of your bookmarks. From the Bookmark Editor window that appears, you can change the URLs, the icon, or other features of the bookmark. There is also a nice feature that lets you check the status of the bookmark (that is, the address available). . New Bookmark Folder You can add a new folder of bookmarks to your Konqueror bookmarks list. To create a bookmarks folder, choose Bookmarks.New Folder. Then type a name for the new Bookmarks folder, and click OK. The new bookmark folder appears on your bookmarks menu. You can add the current location to that folder by clicking on the folder name and selecting Add Bookmark. Configuring Konqueror Options You can change many of the visual attributes of the Konqueror window, including which menu bars and toolbars appear. You can have any of the following bars appear on the Konqueror window: Menubar, Toolbar, Extra Toolbar, Location Toolbar, Bookmark Toolbar. Select Settings, and then click the bar you want to have appear (or not appear). The bar appears when the check mark is shown next to it. You can modify a variety of options for Konqueror by choosing Settings.Configure Konqueror. The Konqueror Settings window appears, offering the following options: . Behavior Change file manager behavior. . Appearance Change file manager fonts and colors. . Previews & Meta-Data An icon in a Konqueror folder can be made to resemble the contents of the file it represents. For example, if the file is a JPEG image, the icon representing the file could be a small version of that image. Using the Previews features, you can limit the size of the file used (1MB is the default) because many massive files could take too long to refresh on the screen. You can also choose to have any thumbnail embedded in a file to be used as the icon or have the size of the icon reflect the shape of the image used.

90 Part I . Linux First Steps . Spread Sheet Document Opens a dialog box that lets you create a document in kspread format (a spreadsheet). Type the document name you want to create and click OK. The document should have a .ksp extension if you want it to automatically open in kspread. . Text Document Opens a dialog box that enables you to create a text document in KWord. Type a filename for the text file and click OK. The document should have a .txt, .kwd, or .kwt extension if you want it to open automatically in KWord. . Text File Opens a dialog box that lets you create a document in text format and place it in the Konqueror window. Type the name of the text document to create and click OK. Under the Device submenu, you can make the following selections: . CD-ROM Device Opens a dialog box that lets you type a new CD-ROM device name. Click the Device tab and type the device name (/dev/cdrom), the mount point (such as /mnt/cdrom or /media/cdrom), and the file system type (you can use iso9660 for the standard CD-ROM file system, ext2 for Linux, or msdos for DOS). When the icon appears, you can open it to mount the CD-ROM and display its contents. . CDWRITER Device From the window that opens, enter the device name of your CD writer. . DVD-ROM Device Opens a dialog box that lets you type a new CD-ROM or DVD-ROM device name. Click the Device tab and type the device name (/dev/cdrom), the mount point (such as /mnt/cdrom or /media/cdrecorder), and the file system type (you can use iso9660 for the standard CD-ROM file system, ext2 for Linux, or msdos for DOS). When the icon appears, you can open it to mount the CD-ROM or DVD-ROM and display its contents. . Camera Device In the dialog box that opens, identify the device name for the camera devices that provides access to your digital camera. . Floppy Device Opens a dialog box in which you type a new floppy name. Click the Device tab and type the device name (/dev/fd0), the mount point (such as /mnt/floppy), and the file system type (you can use auto to autodetect the contents, ext2 for Linux, or msdos for DOS). When the icon appears, open it to mount the floppy and display its contents. . Hard Disc Device Opens a dialog box that lets you type the name of a new hard disk or hard-disk partition. Click the Device tab and type the device (/dev/hda1), the mount point (such as /mnt/win), and the file system type (you can use auto to autodetect the contents, ext2 or ext3 for Linux, or vfat for a Windows file system). When the icon appears, you can open it to mount the file system and display its contents. Creating MIME types and applications is described later in this chapter.

Chapter 3 . Getting into the Desktop 89 Figure 3-5: Search for files and folders from the kfind window. Creating New Files and Folders You can create a variety of file types when using the Konqueror window. Choose Edit.Create New, and select Folder (to create a new folder) or one of several different types under the File or Device submenu. Depending on which version of Konqueror you are using, you might be able to create some or all of the file types that follow: . HTML File Opens a dialog box that lets you type the name of an HTML file to create. . Illustration Document Opens a dialog box that lets you create a document in kontour format (an illustration). Type the document name you want to create and click OK. The document should have a .kil extension if you want it to automatically open in kontour. . Link to Application Opens a window that lets you type the name of an application. Click the Permissions tab to set file permissions (Exec must be on if you want to run the file as an application). Click the Execute tab and type the name of the program to run (in the field: Execute on click) and a title to appear in the title bar of the application (in the field: Window Title). If it is a text-based command, select the Run in terminal check box. Click the check box to Run as a different user and add the user name. Click the Application tab to assign the application to handle files of particular MIME types. Click OK. . Link to Location (URL) Selecting this menu item opens a dialog box that lets you create a link to a Web address. Type a name to represent the address and type the name of the URL (Web address) for the site. (Be sure to add the http://, ftp://, or other prefix.) . Presentation Document Opens a dialog box to create a document in kpresenter format (a presentation). Type the document name you want to create and click OK. The document should have a .kpr or .kpt extension if you want it to automatically open in kpresenter.

88 Part I . Linux First Steps There are also several features for viewing information about the files and folders in your Konqueror windows: . View quick file information Positioning the mouse pointer over the file displays information such as its file name, size, and type in the window footer. . View hidden files Selecting View.Show Hidden Files enables you to see files that begin with a dot (.). Dot files tend to be used for configuration and don t generally need to be viewed in your daily work. . View file system tree Selecting View.View Mode.Tree View provides a tree view of your folder, displaying folders above the current folder in the file system. You can click a folder in the tree view to jump directly to that folder. There are also Multicolumn, Detailed List, and Text views available. . Change icon view Select View.Icon Size, and then choose Large, Medium, or Small to set the size of the icons that are displayed in the window. You can also choose Default Size to return to the default icon size (which is medium, unless you have changed the default through the Configure Konqueror window). To act on a group of files at the same time, there are a couple of actions you can take. Choose Edit.Selection.Select. A pop-up window lets you match all (*) or any group of documents indicated by typing letters, numbers, and wildcard characters. Or, you can select a group of files by clicking in an open area of the folder and dragging the pointer across the files you want to select. All files within the box will be highlighted. When files are highlighted, you can move, copy, or delete the files as described earlier. Searching for Files If you are looking for a particular file or folder, you can use the Konqueror Find feature. To open a Find window to search for a file, open a local folder (such as /home/chris) and choose Tools.Find File; the Find box will appear in your Konqueror window. You could also start the kfind window by typing kfind from a Terminal window. Figure 3-5 shows the kfind window. Simply type the name of the file you want to search for (in the Named text box) and the folder, including all subfolders, you want to search in (in the Look in text box). Then click the Find button. Use metacharacters, if you like, with your search. For example, search for *.rpm to find all files that end in .rpm or z*.doc to find all files that begin with z and end with .doc. You can also select to have the search be casesensitive or click the Help button to get more information on searching. To further limit your search, you can click the Date Range tab and then enter a date range (between), a number of months before today (during the previous x months), or the number of days before today (during the previous x days). Select the Advanced tab to choose to limit the search to files of a particular type (of Type), files that include text that you enter (Containing Text), or that are of a certain size (Size is) in kilobytes.

Chapter 3 . Getting into the Desktop 87 types can be automatically detected and opened in the correct application. There are MIME types defined for audio, image, text, video, and a variety of other content. Of course, you can also perform many standard file manager functions with Konqueror. For example, you can manipulate files by using features such as select, move, cut, paste, and delete; search directories for files; create new items (files, folders, and links, to name a few); view histories of the files and Web sites you have opened; and create bookmarks. Working with Files Because most of the ways of working with files in Konqueror are quite intuitive (by intention), here s a quick rundown of how to do basic file manipulation: To Do This Open a file Double-click the file. It will open right in the Konqueror window, if possible, or in the default application set for the file type. You also can open directories, applications, and links by doubleclicking them. Open a file with a Right-click a data file, choose Open With from the pop-up menu, specific application and then select one of the available applications to open the file. The applications listed are those that are set up to open the file. Delete a file Right-click the file and select Delete. You are asked if you really want to delete the file. Click Yes to permanently delete it. Copy a file Right-click the file and select Copy. This copies the file to your clipboard. After that, you can paste it to another folder. Click the Klipper (clipboard) icon in the panel to see a list of copied files. Klipper holds the seven most recent copied files, by default. Click the Klipper icon and select Configure Klipper to change the number of copied files Klipper will remember. Paste a file Right-click (an open area of a folder) and select Paste. A copy of the file you copied previously is pasted in the current folder. Link a file Drag-and-drop a file from one folder to another. When the menu appears, click Link Here. (A linked file lets you access a file from a new location without having to make a copy of the original file. When you open the link, a pointer to the original file causes it to open.) Move a file With the original folder and target folder both open on the Copy a file desktop, click and hold the left mouse button on the file Create a link to a file you want to move, drag the file to an open area of the new folder, and release the mouse button. From the menu that appears, click Move. (You also can use this menu to copy or create a link to the file.)

86 Part I . Linux First Steps Managing Files with the Konqueror File Manager The Konqueror file manager helps elevate the KDE environment from just another X window manager to an integrated desktop that competes with GUIs from Apple Computing or Microsoft. The features in Konqueror rival those that are offered by those user-friendly desktop systems. Figure 3-4 shows an example of the Konqueror file manager window in Fedora Core. Figure 3-4: Konqueror provides a network-ready tool for managing files. Some of Konqueror s greatest strengths over earlier file managers are the following: . Network desktop If your computer is connected to the Internet or a LAN, features built into Konqueror enable you to create links to files (using FTP) and Web pages (using HTTP) on the network and open them in the Konqueror window. Those links can appear as file icons in a Konqueror window or on the desktop. Konqueror also supports WebDAV, which can be configured to allow local read and write access to remote folders (which is a great tool if you are maintaining a Web server). . Web browser interface The Konqueror interface works like Mozilla, Internet Explorer, or other Web browsers in the way you select files, directories, and Web content. Because Konqueror is based on a browser model, a single click opens a file, a link to a network resource, or an application program. You can also open content by typing Web-style addresses in the Location box. Web pages that contain Java and JavaScript content run by default in Konqueror. To check that Java and JavaScript support are turned on, choose Settings.Configure Konqueror. From the Settings window, click Java & JavaScript and select the Java tab. To enable Java, click the Enable Java Globally box and click Apply. Repeat for the JavaScript tab. . File types and MIME types If you want a particular type of file to always be launched by a particular application, you can configure that file yourself. KDE already has dozens of MIME types defined so that particular file and data Tip

Chapter 3 . Getting into the Desktop 85 Table 3-2 Keystrokes Key Result Directions Combination Ctrl+Tab Step through the virtual To go from one virtual desktop to the next, desktops hold down the Ctrl key and press the Tab key until you see the desktop that you want to make current. Then release the Ctrl key to select that desktop. Alt+Tab Step through windows To step through each of the windows that are running on the current desktop, hold down the Alt key and press the Tab key until you see the one you want. Then release the Alt key to select it. Alt+F2 Open Run Command box To open a box on the desktop that lets you type in a command and run it, hold the Alt key and press F2. Next, type the command in the box and press Enter to run it. You can also type a URL into this box to view a Web page. Alt+F4 Close current window To close the current window, press Alt+F4. Ctrl+Alt+Esc Close another window To close an open window on the desktop, press Ctrl+Alt+Esc. When a skull and crossbones appears as the pointer, move the pointer over the window you want to close and click the left mouse button. (This is a good technique for killing a window that has no borders or menu.) Ctrl+F1, F2, Switch virtual desktops Go directly to a particular virtual desktop by F3 or F4 key pressing and holding the Ctrl key and pressing one of the following: F1, F2, F3, or F4. These actions take you directly to desktops one, two, three, and four, respectively. You could do this for up to eight desktops, if you have that many configured. Alt+F3 Open window operation To open the operations menu for the active menu window, press Alt+F3. When the menu appears, move the arrow keys to select an action (Move, Size, Minimize, Maximize, and so on), and then press Enter to select it.